Aeroplane



Nov. 10, 1931. I

J. P. KRASTEL AEROPLANE Filed March 24, 1931 2 sheets-sheet 1 1. P. KR/ASTEL Nov. vl0, 1931.

AEROPLANE Filed March 24, 1931 2 sheets-sheet 2 Patented Nov. 10, 1931 UNITED STATES Lainate PATENT ori-ics JACOB?. KBASTEL, OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO WTLLIAM A. KRAST'EL, OF NTLMINGTON, DELAWARE '1. v

AEROPLANE Application filedv March 24, 1931. Serial No. 525,000.

This invention relates to aeroplanes and has special reference to an improved monoplane.

One important object of the invention i s-to improve the general construction of devices of this character. y,

A second important object of the invention is to provideV an improved wing structure for aeroplanes. l

A third important object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement of elevator rudders and means for operating the same in a device of this character.

A fourth important object of the inven tion is to provide a novel aeroplane having an improved arrangement of laterally gulding rudders and means for operating the same.

A fifth important object of the invention is to provide, in an aeroplane, a novel arrangement of elevating and lateral rudders with a single operating lever so connected and arranged that the elevating and the lateral rudders can be actuated independently or simultaneously.

Vith the above and other objects in view as will be hereinafter apparent, the invention consists in general of certain novel details of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and speciically claimed.

In the accompanying drawings like characters of reference indicate like parts in the several views, and:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of an aeroplane as constructed in accordance with this inven tion.

Figure 2 isa sectionon the line 2-2 of Figure 1, the Wing structure above the plane of the section being outlined in dotted lines.

Figure 3 is an enlarged detail view, partly in elevation and partly in section showing one of the forward lateral rudders and associated parts.

Figure 4 is a still more enlarged section on the line lk4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a section on the line :3f- 5 of Figure 4.

yFigure 6 is an enlarged section on the line 6-6 of Figure 4. j

Figure 7 is an enlarged section on the line 7-7 of Figure 1 showing only the connection between the operating lever and the elevator connecting rod.

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic front elevation showing the brace wires used herein.

In the invention as here shown therehas been illustrated an aeroplane Vfuselage 10`of` ordinary construction having landing vgear 11 and a propeller 12; An empennage 13 is shown to indicate that the invention may be applied to any existing aeroplane but it is to be understood that such enipennage will, in this case, have the elevator and rudder elements fixed against movement, the elevating and steering elements of the invention taking their place.

In this invention pairs of struts 14 are ar-` bythis form of wing. A front elevator 17 l yand a rear elevator 18 are hinged to the forward and rear edges of this wing as at 19.

i This elevator extends the fullvwidth ofthe wing. Arms v2O each have the upper end piv otedto arespective elevator Aandthe lower end pivoted to the upper end .of a lower arm 21.

These lower arms have their lower ends piv-y oted to the fuselage so that each elevator is connected to the fuselage by a knuckle.: These knuckles are connected by a tie rod 22 having a transverse expansion 23 adjacent its for-4 ward end, this expansion being provided with a slot 24. The forward struts 14 support a bracket 25 having a universal joint 26 at its forward end carrying the upper end of an operating lever 27. This lever dependsin front of the pilot and is provided on its lower end with 'a hand grip 28. kFixedto each strut 14 is a pair of brackets 29 to which is pivoted a respective lateral rudder 30 having an inwardly extending arm 31. Tie rods 32 connect the arms 3l at the forward end of the aeroplane with the corresponding arms on the opposite side at the after end.

Forwardly extending arms 33 project from the forward rudders and are connected by a tie rod 34- having a fore and aft slot 35 formed in an enlargement at its center. The lever 27 extends through this slot and on each side of this lever is a guide block 36 slidable Vin the lslot and a pivot pin 37 pivots the lever between these guide blocks.

Brace wires 88 (shown in Fig. 8) serve to aid in bracing the wing.

By means of this construction the lever may r be moved forwardly or rearwardly without moving the lrudders 30 or may be moved laterally without moving the elevators. However, if the lever 27 is moved rearwardly the knuckles will both be flexed more than nor mal and both elevators will be pulled down. In like manner forward movement of the lev er will raise both elevators. Similarly, lateral movement of the lever 27 will move all fou-r rudders toward the same side. Of

course, a. combined movement forwarder rearward and laterally will move the elevators and also the lateral rudders.

There has thus been provided a simple and eilicient device of the kind described and for the ypurpose specii'ied.

It is obvious that minor changes may be made in the form and construction of the invention without departing` from the mate` on the upper ends of the struts and extending substantially from end to end of the fuselage, rudders each pivoted for lateral swinging movement to a respective strut close beneath Vsaid wing, and means to operate said rudders.`

`2. An aeroplane having a fuselage, struts extending up from said fuselage, a wing carried on the upper ends of said struts and extending substantially the full length of the fuselage, elevators hinged to the wing at the forward and rear edges thereof and extending across the entire width of the wing, knuckles connecting the elevators and fuselage, a tie rod connecting said knuckles, said knuckles and rod being arranged to cause the knuckles to flex and straighten in unison, and an operating lever having connection with the tie rod to move the same longitudinally.

l3,. An aeroplane having' a fuselage, struts extending up from the fuselage adjacent the forward and rear ends thereof and arranged in transversely spaced pairs, a wing carried on the upper ends of the struts and extending substantially from end to end of the fuselage, rudders each pivoted for lateral swinging movement to a respective strut close beneath said wing, crank arms extending inwardly from the respective rudders, diagonal tie rods each connecting a forward crarrkarm with the diagonallyopposite rear crank arm, other crank arms extending forwardly from the forward rudders, a transverse tie rod connecting the last mentioned crank arms, and an operating lever having connection with the transverse Atie rod to move the same transversely of the aeroplane.-

An aeroplane having a fuselage, struts extending up from said fuselage, a wing carried on the upper ends Vof said struts and extending substantially the full length of the fuselage, elevators hinged to the wing at the forward and rear edges thereof and extending across the entire width .of the wing, knuckles connecting the elevators and fuselage,.a tie red connecting said knuckles to flex and straighten in'unison, an operating lever having connection with the tie rod to move the same longitudinally, rudders each pivoted forl lateral swinging movement ,to respective strut, the struts vcarrying the rudders being arranged in pairsat the forward and rear ends of the fuselage respectively, crank arms extending inwardly from the respective rudders, diagonal tie rods each connecting a `forward crank arm with a diagonally opposite rear crank arm, other crank arms extending forwardly from the forward rudders, a transverse tie rod connecting the. last mentioned crank arms, and an operative connection between the transverse tie rod and thesaid operating lever, lthe connections of said operating lever and tie rods being such as to permit the lever to move one tie rod without moving the other.

ln testimony whereof I a 'x my signature .moon P. Knasrnn 

